Hey Tobi (@Tobi),
I have never used Node-RED on windows, but perhaps you can find some more information in this discussion?
When you get the 404 error, you can also find in your browser's developer tools the complete path where your browser is going to search your image. For example in the Chrome developer tools:
Whey you hoover over the entry (or click on it), you will see the path of the image. Perhaps you can analyse that way better why your path isn't sufficient ...