I have a flow capturing several temperature guages and passing the data into InfluxDB. I'm now trying to add a NodeRed dashboard to display the current values.
Simple answer: No, you have to configure one node for each dashboard widget.
The dashboard is designed with the principle one node in the editor representing one dashboard widget. When the dashboard is loaded the layout is fixed.
(I only can imagine the ui-table can help you here but the design is than somehow limited by a table grid. But you could use the progress formatter as a simple gauge)