Okay, at the end ....I was able to get both Mosquitto broker and Node-red in one network... and by replacing "localhost" parameter in the Mosquitto node with virtual IP of the Mosquitto broker (as Steve-Mcl suggested) .... connection was established.
Just for anyone who may end-up willing to understand docker networking:
Youtube video - Docker Advanced Networking, 10min long
Thank you, all for your willingness to help !