Good news: with your hints I was able to fix this.
Bad news: with my beginners DB schema I have a DB full of holes, the problem might happen again
Conclusion:
- short term: monitor the system, enable logging if this occurs again and delete the offending .tsm files
- now: listen to people on the other thread to arrange the data in a better way.
- long term: update to influxdb 2.x for 64bit OS, once Raspbian for 64bit is stable
And a nice screenshot about the load average after the fix to end this thread: