Ok I am messing up things completely 
A little bit further in that same Discourse discussion it was agreed that the diodes were in the wrong direction. But afterwards on the EspEasy I was adviced that I needed to turn them again. So now they are positioned like in my last drawing.
Summarized: I don't know whether my resistor needs to be attached to 3.3V or 5V. And I don't know if my diode is in the correct direction. And I also whether I could have damaged my gpio pins due to all my tampering...
