No, there is currently no way to dynamically alter the required state of a node property.
It might be possible to fake by getting rid of the required flag and add a custom validate function to the field that does the work to decide if it should be set or not. That does get a little involved as the function will be called both when the node is added to the workspace (so must operate only using the node properties) as well as when editing the node (so would have to check for the existence of the edit form and use the current checkbox state rather than node property).