Hello all,
working with Node-RED for years now for hobby and work. But still I am sometimes surprised how it can leverage automation.
It all started with a raspberry pi running Node-RED on a SD card. With the growing of the automations it was already getting obvious how important this Node-RED instance became. It became for a lot of lights and primary household appliances a single point of failure. So when the first SD card crashed I had to do some damage-control for the WAF (Wife-Acceptance-Factor). This led me through a great (and long) journey of learning new things and finally I am happy with the current result of a high available solution for Node-RED at home.
The main part of the automations were on that timed based on MQTT so just 2 pi's with both the same flows running would be a little problematic because every mqtt event will be executed twice. For instance a toggle command would switch the light on, while the other will switch it directly off.
My first approach was to make it on a docker cluster with 2 pi's. So I was aiming for an automated failover. Node-RED or RPI dies, other pi will start a new instance of the NR container. So I had to learn docker swarm and came to the conclusion I needed a third RPI with docker to have a concensus. So the pi cloud grows.
Part of this solutions was to have a collective storage for storing the flow files, in this first attempt it was a NFS share on a Synology NAS that was mounted on all RPI's.
After that the conclusion came quickly the stability improved. This was mostly due to the fact that most write actions (influx/mqtt) were now done on the network share and not on the SD card anymore.
The cluster was reachable through a round robin DNS address. (One name, all IP addresses).
But there were still some things I wanted to tackle:
-The NAS as SPOF (single point of failure)
-The amount of time docker needed to start a new instance of node red.
-If a node was down the cluster was not reachable on that specific IP address.
I solved them by:
-For the NAS SPOF I changed the SD cards for SSD's connected to the pi through USB enclosures. And installed GlusterFS on all three to have a storage cluster devided over the pi cluster.
-To accelerate the failover of the node red instance I had to take into consideration what kind of flows were running on the NR instance. For HTTP it was no problem to run active-active solutions, but for mqtt this is a challenge like mentioned above.
I got inspired by this youtube movie from Kurt Braun and build myself a heart beat system in Node Red.
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All Mqtt flows have now a switch node to check if they are master or not.
Failover is done within 1 second.
-To solve the problem that all my sensors and other system can reach the cluster on this pi I installed keepalived on the raspberry pi's. But I did something wrong and before I fixed it I just thought in my mind what to do and how would I build that in Node-RED. The most important thing is that the master host is listening to a virtual IP address. On linux setting this is very simple with one command: "sudo ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.x.xxx". So together with the flow that I had above. I just opted to install an extra node red instance on every node to handle the Virtual IP address.
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I changed the method of sending the heartbeat here to an UDP broadcast instead of mqtt and I build in an extra check to see if Docker is running before sending out the heartbeat.
At this moment I just was again reminded at how powerfull Node-RED is.
If you can think it you can build it.
Besides for the a happy wife happy life motivation it was also a really nice learning experience. This post is mostly to show my gratitude towards this project. Great work!!
Future projects:
-improve mqtt cluster (from a bridged mosquitto, upgrade to an rabbitmq mqtt cluster)
-power back up for network and cluster
-high available network at home (but I think those kinde of switches etc will not go through the budget committee)
still valid for the virtual IP.
I guess we all have our own use-cases...
