Yes. The main feature would be the instance-specific API's.
With this feature, you can create your API endpoints as you've indicated and they are linked to a specific uibuilder node instance which defines the base URL.
I think there might have been an example of this shared in the forum a long time ago but because I don't currently use this feature in anger (it was added at the request of a uibuilder user some years ago), I don't have a specific example other than what is in the docs shared above.
UIBUILDER now has the same identity information that Dashboard 2 also has - this consists of standardised user and authentication information taken from standard HTTP headers used by typical external authentication services.
http://127.0.0.1:1880/red/uibuilder/docs/#/security/authenticated-client-properties
In addition, UIBUILDER provides client (browser) details to Node-RED including the source IP, a client ID that is stable for the life of the open browser, a tab id and the page name.
It also gives you access to a number of "hooks" in settings.js that lets you enhance or change client data and add security to messaging (something that normally isn't covered by "standard" security tools). You can also use the older but still effective middleware config feature of uibuilder but the hooks are easier to work with.
There really is no "one-size-fits-all" way of dealing with authentication and authorisation since there are so many options and requirements. UIBUILDER tries to ensure that you have easy access to the key data and process points so that you can easily build up your own requirements.
Nope! The whole point of UIBUILDER is to provide flexible, full featured but relatively easy to develop data-driven web applications. 
Co-incidentally, I've been thinking about instance API's again recently and wondering whether I should introduce a more visible feature that would possibly mirror the core http-in/-response nodes but with a UIBUILDER flavour, ensuring that, for example, you get access to the comms and shared endpoints of uibuilder automatically.
Let me know if you think that would be helpful for a future release.