Reading PLC variables from Siemens ET200S CPU

I haven't worked with ET200S so I'm no expert in this field.

I agree with you. It seems ET200S is PLC model which doesn't have Enable/disable put/get checkmark which looks odd.

It should work with PUT/GET, because PUT/GET blocks are loadable. Do you have means to set up PUT/GET between 2 PLCs to check? If it works with PUT/GET it should work with nodered

Connection settings are (which you already tried)
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What is your polling interval? Maybe you could get around and setup Open user communication:
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based on this example: