Yes!... consider another SBC ..
Pi4 arent exactly low powered.. I would guess the pull of a Pi4 running node-red and some light database at an average of 800mA +++ more if using wifi
maybe consider something like this .. 2 watts total power draw
Reducing what nodes are available (which is possible by excluding them in settings.js) in the palette will not change the resources (it may reduce memory usage by a very small amount) used by Node-RED.
None of the core nodes do any thing unless they are processing a message.
It is possible to write nodes that do consume resources just by loading the into the palette, but these are pretty rare.
You have not said how long you want this device to run from or what size of battery you were planning to use, as suggested by @leftymuller a Raspberry Pi 4 may not be the best fit for what ever larger problem you are trying to solve here.
I find that Node-red and sqlite run happily on a Pi Zero 2.
Everything depends on how many messages you expect per second of course, and the quality of your code.
Use RPiOS Lite and access Node-red from a browser on a proper computer.
Micro SD cards are not all created equal. Get a quality one such as Sandisk Ultra or Samsung Evo Plus